N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) Powder

N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) is an amino monosaccharide and a naturally occurring derivative of glucose, structurally related to glucosamine but with an acetyl group attached to the nitrogen. In the skin, NAG is a key precursor to hyaluronic acid (HA) — it is the primary building block from which the body synthesizes hyaluronic acid via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. This dual identity as both a hydration precursor and a bioactive brightening agent makes NAG one of the more uniquely positioned actives in cosmetic formulation: it supports the skin's own HA production while simultaneously inhibiting glycosylation of pro-tyrosinase, the enzyme precursor required for melanin synthesis.

What It Does in a Formula

• Supports endogenous hyaluronic acid synthesis — as a direct HA precursor, NAG helps replenish the skin's natural moisture reservoir from within, contributing to long-term hydration and plumpness
• Inhibits melanin production via glycosylation blockade — prevents the glycosylation of pro-tyrosinase, reducing its conversion to active tyrosinase and thereby limiting melanin output at the enzymatic level
• Brightens and evens skin tone — effective against hyperpigmentation, post-inflammatory discolouration, and dullness with consistent use
• Synergistic with Niacinamide — the NAG + Niacinamide combination is well-documented in clinical literature for enhanced brightening efficacy beyond either ingredient alone; a go-to pairing for formulators targeting uneven tone
• Supports skin barrier function — contributes to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis in the extracellular matrix, supporting structural integrity and moisture retention
• Gentle and well-tolerated — suitable for sensitive skin types; does not cause the irritation associated with stronger exfoliating or brightening actives

Formulation Guidelines

• Use level: 1% – 4% (2% is the most commonly cited effective concentration in clinical studies; pair with Niacinamide at 2–5% for enhanced results)
• Phase: Water phase — dissolve in the aqueous phase; highly water soluble
• pH range: Stable and effective between pH 4.0 – 7.0; compatible with most cosmetic pH ranges
• Compatibility: Excellent compatibility with Niacinamide, Alpha Arbutin, Tranexamic Acid, peptides, and humectants; no known significant incompatibilities at standard use levels
• Suitable formats: Serums, essences, moisturizers, eye creams, and toners; particularly effective in leave-on hydrating and brightening formulations
• Formulator note: NAG is heat stable and can be processed in the water phase at standard manufacturing temperatures without significant degradation

Technical Specifications

• INCI Name: Acetyl Glucosamine
• CAS Number: 7512-17-6
• Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
• Purity: ≥99%
• Solubility: Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol
• pH (1% aqueous solution): 6.0 – 8.0
• Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct light and moisture; keep container tightly sealed
• Shelf Life: 2 years from date of manufacture when stored properly